#include "exif.h"

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <math.h>

using namespace std;


urational_t::urational_t(): p(0), q(0)
{}

urational_t::urational_t(uint32_t p, uint32_t q): p(p), q(q)
{}

srational_t::srational_t(): p(0), q(0)
{}

srational_t::srational_t(int32_t p, int32_t q): p(p), q(q)
{}


ExifTags::ExifTags():
    ifd0_parsed_ok(false),
    exififd_parsed_ok(false),
    exififd_offset(0)
{
}


static uint16_t read_be_uint16(istream &stream) {
    unsigned char buf[2];
    stream.read((char*)buf, 2);
    return ((uint16_t)buf[0]) * 256 + (uint16_t)buf[1];
}

static uint16_t read_le_uint16(istream &stream) {
    unsigned char buf[2];
    stream.read((char*)buf, 2);
    return (uint16_t)buf[0] + ((uint16_t)buf[1]) * 256;
}

static uint16_t read_uint16(istream &stream, bool is_little_endian) {
    if (is_little_endian) {
        return read_le_uint16(stream);
    } else {
        return read_be_uint16(stream);
    }
}

static uint32_t read_be_uint32(istream &stream) {
    unsigned char buf[4];
    stream.read((char*)buf, 4);
    return ((uint32_t)buf[0]) * 16777216 +
           ((uint32_t)buf[1]) * 65536 +
           ((uint32_t)buf[2]) * 256 +
           (uint32_t)buf[3];
}

static uint32_t read_le_uint32(istream &stream) {
    unsigned char buf[4];
    stream.read((char*)buf, 4);
    return ((uint32_t)buf[3]) * 16777216 +
           ((uint32_t)buf[2]) * 65536 +
           ((uint32_t)buf[1]) * 256 +
           (uint32_t)buf[0];
}

static uint32_t read_uint32(istream &stream, bool is_little_endian) {
    if (is_little_endian) {
        return read_le_uint32(stream);
    } else {
        return read_be_uint32(stream);
    }
}

static int32_t read_be_int32(istream &stream) {
    unsigned char buf[4];
    stream.read((char*)buf, 4);
    return (int32_t)(((uint32_t)buf[0]) * 16777216 +
                     ((uint32_t)buf[1]) * 65536 +
                     ((uint32_t)buf[2]) * 256 +
                     (uint32_t)buf[3]);
}

static int32_t read_le_int32(istream &stream) {
    unsigned char buf[4];
    stream.read((char*)buf, 4);
    return (int32_t)(((uint32_t)buf[3]) * 16777216 +
                     ((uint32_t)buf[2]) * 65536 +
                     ((uint32_t)buf[1]) * 256 +
                     (uint32_t)buf[0]);
}

/*
static int32_t read_int32(istream &stream, bool is_little_endian) {
    if (is_little_endian) {
        return read_le_int32(stream);
    } else {
        return read_be_int32(stream);
    }
}
*/

static urational_t read_urational(istream &stream, bool is_little_endian) {
    if (is_little_endian) {
        uint32_t p = read_le_uint32(stream);
        uint32_t q = read_le_uint32(stream);
        return urational_t(p, q);
    } else {
        uint32_t p = read_be_uint32(stream);
        uint32_t q = read_be_uint32(stream);
        return urational_t(p, q);
    }
}

static srational_t read_srational(istream &stream, bool is_little_endian) {
    if (is_little_endian) {
        int32_t p = read_le_int32(stream);
        int32_t q = read_le_int32(stream);
        return srational_t(p, q);
    } else {
        int32_t p = read_be_int32(stream);
        int32_t q = read_be_int32(stream);
        return srational_t(p, q);
    }
}


static bool read_exif_tags(istream &stream,
                           unsigned int num_entries,
                           ExifTags &tags,
                           uint64_t tiff_start_pos,
                           bool is_little_endian)
{
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_entries; i++) {
        uint16_t tag_num = read_uint16(stream, is_little_endian);
        uint16_t data_format = read_uint16(stream, is_little_endian);
        uint32_t num_components = read_uint32(stream, is_little_endian);
        uint32_t tag_data = read_uint32(stream, is_little_endian);

        if (tag_num == 34665) {
            if (data_format == 4 && num_components == 1) {
                if (tag_data > 65535) {
                    cerr << "Exif IFD offset too big (" << tag_data << ")." << endl;
                    return false;
                }
                tags.exififd_offset = tag_data;
            } else {
                cerr << "Exif IFD offset has strange format." << endl;
                return false;
            }

        }

        if (tag_num == 0x829a) {
            uint64_t cur = stream.tellg();
            stream.seekg(tiff_start_pos + tag_data, std::ios_base::beg);

            tags.exposure_time = read_urational(stream, is_little_endian);

            stream.seekg(cur, std::ios_base::beg);
        }

        if (tag_num == 0x9201) {
            uint64_t cur = stream.tellg();
            stream.seekg(tiff_start_pos + tag_data, std::ios_base::beg);

            tags.shutter_speed_value = read_srational(stream, is_little_endian);

            stream.seekg(cur, std::ios_base::beg);
        }
    }

    return true;
}

static bool read_exif_ifd(istream &stream,
                          uint64_t tiff_start_pos,
                          uint16_t ifd_offset,
                          ExifTags &tags,
                          bool is_little_endian)
{
    if (ifd_offset == 0) {
        return true;
    }

    {
        uint64_t cur = stream.tellg();
        if (cur < tiff_start_pos) {
            cerr << "Read backwards?" << endl;
            return false;
        }

        if (ifd_offset < (cur - tiff_start_pos)) {
            cerr << "IFD offset too small." << endl;
            return false;
        }
    }

    stream.seekg(tiff_start_pos + ifd_offset, std::ios_base::beg);

    uint16_t num_entries = read_le_uint16(stream);

    return read_exif_tags(stream, num_entries, tags, tiff_start_pos, is_little_endian);
}

static bool parse_exif(istream &stream, uint16_t length, ExifTags &output) {
    if (length < 8) {
        return false;
    }

    {
        char buf[6];
        const char *compare = "Exif\0\0";
        stream.read(buf, 6);
        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
            if (buf[i] != compare[i]) {
                return false;
            }
        }
    }

    uint64_t tiff_start_pos = stream.tellg();

    bool is_little_endian = false;
    {

        char buf[2];
        stream.read(buf, 2);

        if (buf[0] == 'I' && buf[1] == 'I') {
            is_little_endian = true;
        } else if (buf[0] == 'M' && buf[1] == 'M') {
            is_little_endian = false;
        } else {
            cerr << "Endian fail" << endl;
            return false;
        }
    }

    {
        uint16_t magic = read_uint16(stream, is_little_endian);

        if (magic != 0x002a) {
            cerr << "TIFF fail" << endl;
            return false;
        }
    }

    uint32_t ifd0_offset = read_uint32(stream, is_little_endian);

    // Read IFD0
    output.ifd0_parsed_ok = read_exif_ifd(stream, tiff_start_pos, ifd0_offset, output, is_little_endian);

    if (output.exififd_offset != 0) {
        // Read Exif IFD
        output.exififd_parsed_ok = read_exif_ifd(stream, tiff_start_pos, output.exififd_offset, output, is_little_endian);
    }

    if (stream.fail()) {
        cerr << "stream failed" << endl;
        return false;
    } else {
        return true;
    }
}

bool ExifTags::read_from_jpeg(istream &stream, ExifTags &output) {
    unsigned char buf[2];
    stream.read((char*)buf, 2);
    if (!(buf[0] == 0xff && buf[1] == 0xd8)) {
        return false;
    }

    while (stream.good()) {
        stream.read((char*)buf, 2);
        if (buf[0] != 0xff) {
            cerr << "not a tag" << endl;
            return false;
        }
        if (buf[1] == 0xff || buf[1] == 0x00) {
            cerr << "not a marker" << endl;
            return false;
        }

        if (buf[1] == 0xd9) {
            break;
        }

        if (buf[1] == 0xda || (buf[1] >= 0xd0 && buf[1] <= 0xd7)) {
            // SOS marker or segment without length
            unsigned char c = 0;
            while(stream.good()) {
                c = stream.get();
                if (c == 0xff) {
                    c = stream.get();
                    if (c != 0x00) {
                        // end of section
                        stream.seekg(-2, std::ios_base::cur);
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
        } else {
            // read size, seek to next marker

            uint16_t s = read_be_uint16(stream);

            if (s < 2) {
                cerr << "invalid size" << endl;
                return false;
            }

            if (buf[1] == 0xe1) {
                return parse_exif(stream, s, output);
            }

            stream.seekg(s - 2, std::ios_base::cur);
        }
    }

    if (stream.fail()) {
        cerr << "stream failed" << endl;
        return false;
    } else {
        return true;
    }
}

bool ExifTags::get_exposure_time(double &output) {
    if (exposure_time.p != 0 or exposure_time.q != 0) {
        output = (double)exposure_time.p / (double)exposure_time.q;
        return true;
    } else if (shutter_speed_value.p != 0 or shutter_speed_value.q != 0) {
        output = 1.0 / pow(2.0, (double)shutter_speed_value.p / (double)shutter_speed_value.q);
        return true;
    } else {
        return false;
    }
}